Ray Optics

Optical microscope:- The optical microscope, often referred as the light microscope. It is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small objects. There are two basic types of optical microscope. 1. Simple microscope. 2. Compound microscope. Simple microscope:- A simple microscope is actually a Convex

Human Eye :- The human eye is the most complicated Sense organ in the body with several parts fixed together form a spherical structure. Our eye is one of the most important optical device the nature has endowed us with. Sclerotic :- It is a tough and thick white sheat that protects the inner parts

Dispersion of light :- Dispersion of light is the phenomenon of splitting of a beam of white light into its 7 constituent colours when passed through a transparent medium like water droplets or Prism . It was discovered by Isaac Newton in 1666 . Newton discovered that light is made up of seven different colours

Dispersion by a prism :- When white light ( Sun light ) is incident on a glass prism, the emergent light is seen to be consisting of several colours, the phenomenon of splitting of light into several component colours is known as dispersion. The different component colours that appear in sequence are violet, indigo, blue,

Angle of deviation ( δ ) :- The passes of light through a triangular prism ABC, The angles of incidence and refraction at the first face AB are i₁ and r₁ while the angle of incidence at the second face AC is r₂ and the angle of refraction or emergence i₂ . The angle between

Equivalent focal length of two lenses :- Let us consider two lenses L₁ ( focal length f₁ ) and L₂ ( focal length f₂ ) are separated by a distance d and P₂ is equivalent lens of both lenses ( focal length f ). Angle of deviation produce by the lenses P, L₁ and L₂

Let us consider two lenses A anb B of focal length f₁ and f₂ placed in contact with each other. Let the object be placed at a point O beyond the focus of the first lens A. The first lens produces an image at I₁ is real, it serves as a virtual object for the

Refraction of light at a convex surface :- 1. For real image :- The figure shows the geometry of formation of image I of an object O on the principal axis of a spherical surface ( convex ) with centre of curvature C and radius of curvature R. The rays are incident from a medium

Twinkling of stars :- it is is a phenomenon of atmospheric refraction. Stars do not really twinkle they just appear to twinkle when seen from the surface of the earth. The star twinkling in the night because of the effect of our atmosphere. when starling enters our atmosphere it is affected by winds in the

Total internal reflection :- when light travels from and optically denser medium to rarer medium at the interface, it is partly reflected back into the same medium and partly refracted to the second medium, this reflection is called the internal reflection. Conditions for the total internal reflection :- Critical angle ( Ic ) :- The

Refraction of light :- when a beam of light encounters another transparent medium, a part of light gets reflected back into first medium while the rest enters the other, The direction of propagation of incident ray of light that enters the other medium changes at the interface of the two media. This phenomenon is called